Feign常见问题总结 FeignClient接口如使用@PathVariable
,必须指定value属性
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 @FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User findById (@PathVariable("id") Long id) ; ... }
Java代码自定义Feign Client的注意点与坑
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 @FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", configuration = UserFeignConfig.class) public interface UserFeignClient { @GetMapping("/users/{id}") User findById (@PathVariable("id") Long id) ; }class UserFeignConfig { @Bean public Logger.Level logger () { return Logger.Level.FULL; } }
配置类上也可添加@Configuraiton 注解,声明这是一个配置类;但此时千万别将该放置在主应用程序上下文@ComponentScan 所扫描的包中,否则,该配置将会被所有Feign Client共享(相当于变成了通用配置,其实本质还是Spring父子上下文扫描包重叠导致的问题),无法实现细粒度配置!
个人建议: 像我一样,不加@Configuration注解,省得进坑。
最佳实践: 尽量用配置属性自定义Feign的配置!!!
@FeignClient 注解属性
1 2 3 4 @FeignClient(name = "${feign.name}", url = "${feign.url}")
类级别的@RequestMapping会被Spring MVC加载
1 2 3 4 5 @RequestMapping("/users") @FeignClient(name = "microservice-user") public class TestFeignClient { }
类上的@RequestMapping
注解也会被Spring MVC加载。该问题现已经被解决,早期的版本有两种解决方案:方案1: 不在类上加@RequestMapping 注解;方案2: 添加如下代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Feign.class }) public class FeignMappingDefaultConfiguration { @Bean public WebMvcRegistrations feignWebRegistrations () { return new WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter () { @Override public RequestMappingHandlerMapping getRequestMappingHandlerMapping () { return new FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping (); } }; } private static class FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingHandlerMapping { @Override protected boolean isHandler (Class<?> beanType) { return super .isHandler(beanType) && !beanType.isInterface(); } } }
首次请求失败 Ribbon的饥饿加载(eager-load)模式
如需产生Hystrix Stream监控信息,需要做一些额外操作 Feign本身已经整合了Hystrix,可直接使用@FeignClient(value = "microservice-provider-user", fallback = XXX.class)
来指定fallback类,fallback类继承@FeignClient
所标注的接口即可。
但是假设如需使用Hystrix Stream进行监控,默认情况下,访问http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream 是会返回404,这是因为Feign虽然整合了Hystrix,但并没有整合Hystrix的监控。如何添加监控支持呢?需要以下几步:
第一步:添加依赖,示例:
1 2 3 4 5 <!-- 整合hystrix,其实feign中自带了hystrix,引入该依赖主要是为了使用其中的hystrix-metrics-event-stream,用于dashboard --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency>
第二步:在启动类上添加@EnableCircuitBreaker 注解,示例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 @SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableCircuitBreaker public class MovieFeignHystrixApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MovieFeignHystrixApplication.class, args); } }
第三步:在application.yml中添加如下内容,暴露hystrix.stream端点:
1 2 3 4 5 management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: 'hystrix.stream'
这样,访问任意Feign Client接口的API后,再访问http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream ,就会展示一大堆Hystrix监控数据了。
原文链接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-problems/
Feign 上传文件 加依赖
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency>
编写Feign Client
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 @FeignClient(name = "ms-content-sample", configuration = UploadFeignClient.MultipartSupportConfig.class) public interface UploadFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE}, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) @ResponseBody String handleFileUpload (@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) ; class MultipartSupportConfig { @Bean public Encoder feignFormEncoder () { return new SpringFormEncoder (); } } }
如代码所示,在这个Feign Client中,我们引用了配置类MultipartSupportConfig
,在MultipartSupportConfig
中,我们实例化了SpringFormEncoder
。这样这个Feign Client就能够上传啦。注意点 -
1 2 3 4 @RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE}, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
接口定义中的注解@RequestPart(value = "file")
不能写成@RequestParam(value = "file")
。
最好将Hystrix的超时时间设长一点,例如5秒,否则可能文件还没上传完,Hystrix就超时了,从而导致客户端侧的报错。
原文链接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/spring-cloud-feign-upload/
添加依赖:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency>
Feign Client示例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 @FeignClient(name = "xxx", url = "http://www.itmuch.com/", configuration = TestFeignClient.FormSupportConfig.class) public interface TestFeignClient { @PostMapping(value = "/test", consumes = {MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE}, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE} ) void post (Map<String, ?> queryParam) ; class FormSupportConfig { @Autowired private ObjectFactory<HttpMessageConverters> messageConverters; @Bean public Encoder feignFormEncoder () { return new SpringFormEncoder (new SpringEncoder (messageConverters)); } @Bean public Logger.Level logger () { return Logger.Level.FULL; } } }
调用示例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @GetMapping("/user/{id}") public User findById (@PathVariable Long id) { HashMap<String, String> param = Maps.newHashMap(); param.put("username" ,"zhangsan" ); param.put("password" ,"pwd" ); this .testFeignClient.post(param); return new User (); }
日志:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ...[TestFeignClient#post] ---> POST http://www.baidu.com/test HTTP/1.1 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Accept: application/json;charset=UTF-8 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Content-Length: 30 ...[TestFeignClient#post] ...[TestFeignClient#post] password=pwd&username=zhangsan ...[TestFeignClient#post] ---> END HTTP (30-byte body)
由日志可知,此时Feign已能使用Form表单方式提交数据。
原文链接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-form-params/
Feign GET请求如何构造多参数 假设需请求的URL包含多个参数,例如http://microservice-provider-user/get?id=1&username=张三 ,该如何使用Feign构造呢? 我们知道,Spring Cloud为Feign添加了Spring MVC的注解支持,那么我们不妨按照Spring MVC的写法尝试一下:
1 2 3 4 5 @FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get0 (User user) ; }
然而,这种写法并不正确,控制台会输出类似如下的异常。
1 2 feign.FeignException: status 405 reading UserFeignClient#get0(User); content: {"timestamp":1482676142940,"status":405,"error":"Method Not Allowed","exception":"org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException","message":"Request method 'POST' not supported","path":"/get"}
由异常可知,尽管我们指定了GET方法,Feign依然会使用POST方法发送请求。于是导致了异常。正确写法如下
方法一[推荐] 注意:使用该方法无法使用Fegin的继承模式
1 2 3 4 5 @FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @GetMapping("/get") public User get0 (@SpringQueryMap User user) ; }
方法二[推荐]
1 2 3 4 5 @FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get1 (@RequestParam("id") Long id, @RequestParam("username") String username) ; }
这是最为直观的方式,URL有几个参数,Feign接口中的方法就有几个参数。使用@RequestParam注解指定请求的参数是什么。
方法三[不推荐] 多参数的URL也可使用Map来构建。当目标URL参数非常多的时候,可使用这种方式简化Feign接口的编写。
1 2 3 4 5 @FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get2 (@RequestParam Map<String, Object> map) ; }
在调用时,可使用类似以下的代码。
1 2 3 4 5 6 public User get (String username, String password) { HashMap<String, Object> map = Maps.newHashMap(); map.put("id" , "1" ); map.put("username" , "张三" ); return this .userFeignClient.get2(map); }
注意: 这种方式不建议使用。主要是因为可读性不好,而且如果参数为空的时候会有一些问题,例如map.put("username", null);
会导致服务调用方(消费者服务)接收到的username是”” ,而不是null。
原文链接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-multiple-params-2/
切换为 Okhttp3 提升 QPS 性能优化 加依赖引入okhttp3
1 2 3 4 5 <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId> <artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId> <version>${version}</version> </dependency>
写配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 feign: httpclient: enabled: false max-connections: 200 max-connections-per-route: 50 okhttp: enabled: true compression: request: enabled: true min-request-size: 2048 mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json response: enabled: true
参数配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass(Feign.class) @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class) public class OkHttpConfig { @Bean public Encoder encoder () { return new FormEncoder (); } @Bean public okhttp3.OkHttpClient okHttpClient () { return new okhttp3 .OkHttpClient.Builder() .connectTimeout(10 , TimeUnit.SECONDS) .readTimeout(10 , TimeUnit.SECONDS) .writeTimeout(10 , TimeUnit.SECONDS) .retryOnConnectionFailure(true ) .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool (10 , 5L , TimeUnit.MINUTES)) .build(); } }
原文链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PAjXS9d6Sxa04pw1Lw2HXQ